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Which is the most likely diagnosis for a middle-aged spayed dachshund presenting with polyuria and polydipsia?
Hepatic insufficiency
Hyperadrenocorticism
Stump pyometra
Urinary tract infection
The correct answer is: Hyperadrenocorticism
The most likely diagnosis for a middle-aged spayed dachshund presenting with polyuria and polydipsia is hyperadrenocorticism, commonly known as Cushing's disease. This condition is characterized by excessive production of cortisol, typically due to an adrenal tumor or pituitary gland tumor. The increase in cortisol levels leads to a variety of clinical signs, with polyuria and polydipsia being prominent features. The excess cortisol influences renal function, resulting in increased urination, which subsequently causes the dog to drink more water to compensate for the fluid loss. The clinical presentation of this dachshund, alongside its middle-aged status, aligns well with hyperadrenocorticism, as this condition is commonly diagnosed in middle-aged to older dogs, especially in breeds like dachshunds. In contrast, while hepatic insufficiency can cause some polyuria and polydipsia due to its effects on metabolism and possible secondary diabetes, it is less common and typically presents with additional symptoms such as jaundice, lethargy, and vomiting. Stump pyometra, which is an infection of the uterus in spayed females, is unlikely in a spayed individual and would generally present with other signs such as purulent vaginal discharge.